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Essay on Managers and Leaders - 1423 Words

Abstract Leading is not same as managing. Leadership is the process of directing the behavior of others toward the accomplishment some objective. Leadership has always been considered a prerequisite for organizational success. The central theme of leadership is getting things accomplished through people. Leader inquires and manager inform about the organization so without leadership an organization can’t gain the goals. Although an organization may have products and services but without leadership those are value less. Manager is a person who planning, organizing, controlling, and leading. Manager is the monitor of the organization. Leadership is a powerful behavior of a manager. It is essential to achieve goals of the organization.†¦show more content†¦1993). A manager is likely to carry out several roles and desires to reach them well in order to be competent. Management deals within the pattern. Leadership makes new patterns. Management deals within the method. Leadership deals on the structure. You express things but you lead people (Ackerman, L. S. 1984). Leaders have enthusiastic followers and managers find effect through other people; leaders utilize authority and managers must have control; leaders receive the clam to guide from supporters as well as with executives, the right to express is approved by privileges; leaders inquire and managers inform; leaders have own authority and managers have situation supremacy; and finally, leaders represent to make changes while managers turn out goods and services. When managers actions and practices exit tilted, when institutes modify culturally and systemically, when intended ingenuities change in progress, it is leadership that must afford dependability in the face of convoluted times. The feature that empowers the workforce and in the end determines which institutes be successful orShow MoreRelatedManager as a Leader733 Words   |  3 PagesMANAGER AS A LEADER Dena M White Walden University BUSI 1002-1 March 8, 2015 Craig Jelineks personality Craig Jelinek has been with Costco team since 1984, and he has done various jobs in those years. He is dedicated to Costco and what the company represents. He became the President of Costco in 2012. If something works don’t change it as in the $1.50 Costco hot dog deal. He worked with the previous President Jim Sinegal and learned about business management from him. Jelinek’s knowsRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Leader And Manager899 Words   |  4 Pagesa tremendous leader and manager, he did not micromanage, he put players and peers first, and made you excited to come to work. This coach is very similar to Ben Morelli. 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First, the essayRead MoreEssay on Leaders and Managers982 Words   |  4 PagesLeaders and Managers Leaders and managers are two individual roles with multiple intertwining definitions. In order to be a leader, one must have followers, however; does not everyone under management, follow the managers orders? Therefore, the question arises, are managers leaders? If so, what constitutes as leadership? Obviously, in order to obtain these roles, one must have influence over their subordinates, but does the level of influence fluctuate between a manager’s role and a leaders roleRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Leader Or Manager919 Words   |  4 PagesBecoming a leader or a manager is the utmost ambition for many people in the business and management sector nowadays. At times, it can be quite challenging therefore there are many essential qualities that a leader or manager need. Management is the attainment of organisational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organising, leading and controlling the organisational resources (Daft and Marcic, 8th Edition). L eadership on the other hand is the ability to inspire confidenceRead MoreNotes On Managers And Leaders1365 Words   |  6 Pages MANAGERS AND LEADERS Management Principle group Assignment Instructor:- Divya Judge Students:- Deepak chhetri(15002432) Irwan Wijaya(15005749) Erdenetsogt Gantulga (1500798) Sharanbir Kaur (201412996) Table of Content: INTRODUCTION TO MANAGERS AND LEADERS -Manager -Leadership DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MANAGER AND LEADER SIMILARITIES BETWEEN MANAGER AND LEADER LEADER( MAHATMA GANDHI) -Gandhi’sRead MoreLeadership As A Leader And A Manager850 Words   |  4 PagesThe leader innovates where a manager directs; a manager sustains what has already been created. Leadership is not what you do-it’s what others do in response to you, retaining control over people by aiding in the development their own abilities and bringing out their talents (Jaynes, 2015). Mangers have underlings while Leaders have followers; leaders do not have underlings. To lead is to have follower, following is a chosen pursuit. There can and are superior and terrible leaders, and there can

Purchasing Management Chemical Industry

Question: Discuss about thePurchasing Managementfor Chemical Industry. Answer: Focus Area of Chemical Industry Focus area of chemical industry is to manufacture quality chemical products through the adoption of total quality management as desired for the products. Quality in this aspect means quality of the finished goods which can be made only through the utilization of proper raw materials. It is found that chemical industry is depending of critical chemical products which are used for production. This area demands proper selection of suppliers which are the part of supply chain associates of any industry. This requirement proves the deployment of quality suppliers who can ensure proper raw materials with good quality as poor quality raw materials can defeat the purpose of production of the finished goods of chemical industry. Suppliers of Chemical Industry The suppliers of any industry are the live wires of the quality of the finished products are concerned. It is often found that process of choosing supplier for any industry is the key factor of its success. Specifically for chemical industry suppliers are the key factor of success, too. As this industry is depending upon the suppliers in large spectrum in respect of quality, time schedule, safety and price competitiveness to ensure long terms sustainability of the industry, supplier are chosen with the consideration of all these factors. Achievement of Supplier- Qualitative Measure Quality of Product Supplier in chemical industry has to focus on the issues of quality of product supplied for production process. It is found that good quality of raw material proves to be instrumental for the purpose of finished goods which are enriched in quality. Being the internal production system ensured by high technical abilities, good raw materials can be the basic factor for quality deliverance of chemical industry. Timely Delivery Suppliers are chosen with credential of timely deliverance of order for raw materials. As the industry is run with the objective of sales target which is phased out through the period, proper schedule of raw materials deliverance is most important factor to ensure smooth and uninterrupted production process of the industry. Price Competitiveness Good supplier should come up with prices which should be competitive. Price of raw material is contributing directly to the cost of the production. Competitive price of raw materials enable chemical industry to ensure sustainability in long run as this can control the price of the finished goods. Safety Safety is the most important issue related to qualitative accomplishment of any supplier of chemical industry. It is often found that raw materials to chemical industries are hazardous in nature with affecting the environment. Good supplier should ensure the safety measure, particularly with the different hazardous raw materials like acids and alkaline which may be instrumental to make harm to the users. Safety measure adopted by the supplier is one of the main criteria while choosing the supplier to ensure qualitative deliverance by the industry. Sensible and professional suppliers always give proper emphasis on this issue to ensure proper maintenance of global environment which suffice the purpose of providing better world for the future generation. References: atkearney, 2010. Chemical Commodity Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.atkearney.in/documents/10192/386181/Chemical_Commodity_Mgmt.pdf/7df9a79e-eb34-433d-9b0f-96e023de5275 [Accessed 08 February 2017]. Bedey, L. et al., 2009. Purchasing Management. Chalmers. Eldridge, B., 2012. Supplier Management: Six Steps to Selecting the Right Supplier. [Online] Available at: https://www.foodsafetymagazine.com/magazine-archive1/augustseptember-2012/supplier-management-six-steps-to-selecting-the-right-supplier/ [Accessed 08 February 2017]. Murray, M., 2016. Quality In The Purchasing Process. [Online] Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/quality-in-the-purchasing-process-2221199 [Accessed 08 February 2017]. Oxalys, 2015. The purchasing solution for the pharmaceutical industry. [Online] Available at: https://www.oxalys.com/purchasing-pharmaceutical-industry.html [Accessed 08 February 2017]. Steinfeld, J., 2010. 4 Things You Must Consider When Choosing a Supplier. [Online] Available at: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/4-things-you-must-consider-when-choosing-a-supplier/ [Accessed 08 February 2017].

Nagpur District Essay Sample free essay sample

Vehicle Registration: Vehicle enrollment MH31 – Ngp West ; MH49 – Nagpur East ; MH40 – Nagpur Metro * Nagpur is the winter capital of the province of Maharashtra. * a fast growth cities and 3rd largest metropolis in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune. * With a population of 2. 405. 421 [ 4 ] ( 2011 ) Nagpur Metropolitan Area is the thirteenth largest urban conglobation in India. * It has late been ranked as the cleanest metropolis and the 2nd greenest metropolis of India. * In add-on to being the place of one-year winter session of Maharashtra province assembly â€Å"Vidhan Sabha† . * Nagpur is a major commercial and political centre of the Vidarbha part of Maharashtra and is celebrated throughout the state for Nagpur Orange. Therefore it is known as â€Å"Orange City† for being a major trade centre of oranges that are cultivated in the part. [ 8 ] * In add-on. the metropolis derives political importance from being the central office for the Hindu nationalist administration RSS and an of import location for the Dalit Buddhist motion. * Nagpur is declared â€Å"Tiger Capital of India† [ 9 ] [ 10 ] as it connects many tiger militias in India to the universe. * It is among the of import metropoliss for IT sector in Maharashtra after Pune. * Nagpur lies exactly at the centre of the state with the Zero Mile marker bespeaking the geographical centre of India The metropolis was founded by the Gonds and subsequently became portion of the Maratha Empire under the Bhonsles. The British East India Company took over Nagpur in the nineteenth century and made it the capital of the Central Provinces and Berar. After the first reorganization of provinces. the metropolis lost its capital position but. harmonizing to the informal â€Å"Nagpur Pact† between political leaders. it was made the 2nd capital of Maharashtra. Etymology: The Nag River. a feeder of the Kanhan River. flows in a snaky way and is hence named â€Å"Nag† . the Marathi word for serpent. Hence. the river and metropolis is named as Nagpur. During British times the metropolis used to be referred to as Nagpore. Others says that the river flows through the old metropolis of Nagpur. and the metropolis is named after this river. â€Å"Pur† is a â€Å"city. † History: From 1853 to 1861. the Nagpur Province ( which consisted of the present Nagpur part. Chhindwara. and Chhatisgarh ) became portion of the Central Provinces and Berar and came under the disposal of a commissioner under the British cardinal authorities. with Nagpur as its capital. Berar was added in 1903. Tata group started the country’s foremost fabric factory at Nagpur. [ 17 ] officially known as Central India Spinning and Weaving Company Ltd. The company was popularly known as â€Å"Empress Mills† as it was inaugurated on 1 January 1877. t he twenty-four hours queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India. The non-cooperation motion was launched in the Nagpur session of 1920. The metropolis witnessed a Hindu–Muslim public violence in 1923 which had profound impact on K. B. Hedgewar. [ 18 ] who in 1925 founded the RSS. a Hindu nationalist administration in Nagpur with an thought of making a Hindu state. After the 1927 Nagpur public violences RSS gained farther popularity in Nagpur and the administration grew countrywide. At a formal public ceremonial on 14 October 1956 in Nagpur B. R. Ambedkar with his protagonists converted to Buddhism get downing Dalit Buddhist motion which is still active. In 1994. the metropolis witnessed its most violent twenty-four hours in modern times in signifier of Gowari stampede deceases. Nagpur is a metropolis with great capablenesss to turn and thrive in the approaching yearss. It is really of import for State and Central Governments to lend to the growing. development. prosperity of Nagpur. Nagpur completed 300 old ages of constitution in the twelvemonth 2002. A large jubilation was organised to tag the event. Climate: As it is located at Centre of Indian peninsula far from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. Nagpur has a tropical moisture and dry clime ( Koppen clime categorization Aw ) with dry conditions predominating for most of the twelvemonth. It receives an one-year rainfall of 1. 205 millimeter ( 47. 44 in ) from monsoon rains during June to September. [ 24 ] The highest recorded day-to-day rainfall was 304 millimeter on 14 July 1994. Summers are highly hot enduring from March to June. with maximal temperatures happening in May. Winter lasts from November to January. during which temperatures can drop below 10  °C ( 50  °F ) . The highest recorded temperature in the metropolis was 48. 6  °C on 29 May 2012. while the lowest was 3. 9  °C Geography ( for AGRICULTURE ) : Nagpur lies on the Deccan tableland of the Indian Peninsula and has a average height of 310. 5 metres above sea degree. The underlying stone strata are covered with alluvial sedimentations ensuing from the inundation field of the Kanhan River. In some topographic points these give rise to farinaceous flaxen dirt. In low-lying countries which are ill drained. the dirt is alluvial clay with hapless permeableness features. In the eastern portion of metropolis crystalline metamorphous stones such as gneiss. schist and granites are found. while in the northern portion xanthous sand rocks and clays of the lower Gondwana formations are found. Agribusiness in Nagpur besides contributes significantly to the economic system of the metropolis. The rule harvests that are copiously grown in the metropolis of Nagpur include sugar cane. wheat. soya bean. pulsations. green gram. wheat. gm. jowar. bajra. flaxseed. cotton. Indian potato. helianthus. tur and others. Kharif harvests include the followers: Sugarcane: This is chiefly grown copiously the month of November and is by and large marketed in Nagpur. Mung: This assortment of pulsation is cultivated from the month of June to the month of October. Soya Bean: Cultivated from the months of June to the month of October along with the other assortments of the Kharif harvests which include Cotton. Groundnut. Sunflower and Soya Bean. Rabi. which include: Gram: Chiefly cultivated from the month of September to the month of February. Linseed: Cultivation of this peculiar harvest commences from the month of September to the month of January. Jowar are besides extensively cultivated during this clip of the twelvemonth. The major plantations of Nagpur include the highly tasty and juicy citrous fruit fruit. orange. Soya bean is considered to be the main hard currency harvest of Nagpur. Ambazari being the largest. Other natural lakes include Gorewada Lake and Telangkhedi lake. Sonegaon and Gandhisagar lakes are semisynthetic. created by the city’s historical swayers. Nag river. Pilli nadi along with nallas signifier the natural drainage form for the metropolis. Nagpur is known for its verdure and was judged as the cleanest and 2nd greenest in India after Chandigarh. Recently. [ when? ] the authorities of India selected Nagpur as a Model City for the ‘National Clean Air Mission’ by apportioning 25 crores for the program. This undertaking will be handled by Nagpur’s ain NEERI. Nagpur is central offices of national degree scientific and governmental constitutions like the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute NEERI. the Central Institute of Cotton Research ( CICR ) . the National Research Centre for Citrus. the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning. the Jawaharlal Nehru National Aluminium Research and Development Centre. and the Petroleum And Explosives Safety Organisation ( PESO ) NEERI: The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute ( NEERI ) is a research institute created and funded by Government of India. It was established in Nagpur in 1958 with focal point on H2O supply. sewerage disposal. catching diseases and to some extent on industrial pollution and occupational diseases found common in post-independent India. NEERI is a innovator research lab in the field of environmental scientific discipline and technology and portion of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research ( CSIR ) . NEERI has five zonary res earch labs at Chennai. Delhi. Hyderabad. Kolkata and Mumbai. NEERI falls under the Ministry of Science and Technology ( India ) of cardinal authorities. Civic disposal: Nagpur is administered by the Nagpur Municipal Corporation ( NMC ) which is a democratically elected civic regulating organic structure. Nagpur Improvement Trust ( NIT ) works with NMC and carries out plants like development of the civic substructure and new urban countries on behalf of NMC. [ 28 ] The metropolis is divided in 10 zones which are in bend divided into 145 wards. Each ward is represented by a corporator. bulk of whom are elected in local elections. Nagpur Municipal Corporation: The corporation is headed by a Municipal commissioner. an IAS officer. He wields the executive power of the house. A quinquennial election is held to elect corporators to power. They are responsible for supervising that their constituencies have the basic civic substructure in topographic point. and that there is no blank on the portion of the governments. The city manager heads the party with the largest ballot. A mostly ceremonial station. he has limited responsibilities. NMC is responsible for administrating and supplying basic substructure to the metropolis. 1. Building and Maintenance of roads. streets and overpasss.2. Public Municipal schools3. Water purification and supply4. Hospitals5. Street illuming6. Care of Parkss and unfastened infinites7. Sewage intervention and disposal8. Garbage disposal and street cleanliness9. Urban development and metropolis planning of new countries.10. Registering of births and deceases. Nagpur Improvement Trust ( NIT ) is a local civic authorities organic structure with the undertaking of developing new countries within metropolis bounds of Nagpur. India and keeping bing metropolis substructure. NIT has played a major function in enlargement and keeping Nagpur in its past 65+ old ages of work. Trust works along with Nagpur Municipal Corporation ( NMC ) which is an elective organic structure of metropolis representatives ( Corporator ) . NIT itself is non a democratically elected civic organic structure and has members appointed in it from assorted degrees like Government of Maharashtra. NMC and other representatives of Nagpur metropolis. NIT holds the planning and development authorization for Nagpur metropolis but does non have any financess from province authorities. Fundss needed for development work is raised by NIT through the auction of freshly developed countries. Work: NIT act of 1936. allows NIT to get land from environing rural countries to develop into ne w urban layouts. Once a new country of the metropolis is developed by NIT it is handed back to NMC for care. NMC so recovers the money in signifier of assorted revenue enhancements from the occupants of which two per centum is given back to NIT. NIT in bend has the duty to supply imbibing H2O and sewerage disposal for these countries. [ 6 ] NIT besides distributes important land acquired to weaker subdivisions of the society at well lower rates. NIT besides undertakes the work of regularisation of unauthorised residential zones. NIT is besides responsible for keeping the 8 major gardens and 40 mini gardens in Nagpur. [ 7 ] Various lakes and metropolis memorials that come under the legal power of local organic structures are maintained by NIT. It has late started a undertaking to rejuvenate the Lake Futala in metropolis. [ 8 ] NIT is besides working on rejuvenating the Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital on a Build-Operate-Transfer footing. [ 9 ] Nagpur is the place of National Academy of Direct Taxes ( N. A. D. T. ) where officers of Revenue Services are trained and National Academy of Defense Production ( N. A. D. P ) . where officers of munition mills are trained. Military: Nagpur is an of import metropolis for the Indian armed forces. The metropolis is the central office of Maintenance Command of Indian Air Force. The Indian Army’s munition mill and staff college are in the western portion of the metropolis. Nagpur’s suburb Kamptee has camp of regimental centre of Indian Army’s Brigade made up of National Cadet Corps’ ( NCC ) Officers’ Training School. Institute of Military Law and other constitutions. Nagpur’s National Civil Defense College provides civil defense mechanism and catastrophe direction preparation to pupils from all over India and abroad. Indian Air Force’s elephantine IL-76 conveyance planes nicknamed â€Å"Gajraj† are besides based in Nagpur. Demographics: As of the 2011 nose count. Nagpur municipality had a population of 2. 405. 421 and the urban agglomeration had a population of 2. 523. 911. The municipality had a sex ratio of 961 females per 1. 000 males. Effective literacy was 93. 13 % ; male literacy was 96. 16 % and female literacy was 89. 99 % . Hinduism. Islam. Buddhism and Jainism are four major faiths in Nagpur with 66. 0 % . 11. 0 % . 20. 0 % and 1. 5 % of the population following them. Others are 1. 5. Economy * Nagpur is an emerging Metropolis of India and the fastest turning crorepati metropolis. [ 33 ] Nagpur has been the chief centre of commercialism in the Vidarbha part since early yearss and is an of import trading location. However. Nagpur’s economic importance had bit by bit declined comparative to Mumbai and Pune after the meeting of Vidarbha into the Maharashtra because of a period of disregard by the province authorities. [ 34 ] During the lag. province and cardinal authorities offices were a major beginning of employment. * Nagpur’s economic system is presently retrieving from past lags [ 35 ] and the metropolis has attracted Rupees 5. 000 crore in investing in 2004. It was ranked the 11th most competitory metropolis in the state by the Institute for Competitiveness in its 2012 study. The metropolis is of import for the banking sector as it hosts the regional office of Reserve Bank of India. which was opened on 10 September 1956. The Reserve Bank of India has two subdivisions in Nagpur in which one of it houses India’s full gold assets. Market: Sitabuldi market in cardinal Nagpur. known as the Heart of the metropolis. is the major busiest commercial market country. Itwari and Mahal countries besides host big figure of little concerns and are really celebrated for shopping and crowded particularly during vacations. Shopping: Markets are spread throughout every bit in most Indian metropoliss covering about all articles. Major retail markets are Sitabuldi. Itwari. Jaripatka. Dharampeth and Sadar. Most of the national retail merchants have their shops located at Nagpur: * Gaysons-The Fashion Mall ( Sitabuldi ) * Lifestyle* Pantaloon Retail India ( 2 shops )* Big Bazaar ( 3 shops )* Brand Factory ( 2 shops )* Globus ( dressing retail merchant ) ( 2 shops )Major promenades in Nagpur include:* Empress City Mall. Nagpur* Poonam Mall- Wardhaman Nagar* Eternity Mall- Sitabuldi* Jaswant Tuli Mall-Indora* Landmark-Wardha Road* Shriram Towers-Sadar* Poonam Chambers-Chhindwara RoadUpcoming promenades are:* Buty Mall-Sitabuldi* Poonam Mall-VIP Road* Celebration Mall [ 66 ] -Umred Ring Road Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur ( MIHAN ) is an airdrome undertaking for Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport. Nagpur. It is the biggest economical development undertaking presently underway in India in footings of investings. The undertaking aims to work the cardinal location of Nagpur and change over the present airdrome into a major lading hub with incorporate route and rail connectivity. This undertaking consists of two parts: An international airdrome to move as a lading hub and A Special Economic Zone ( SEZ ) with residential zone covering an country of 40. 25 km? on the southern terminal of Nagpur. The authorities of Maharashtra formed a special-purpose entity in the name of Maharashtra Airport Development Company for development of MIHAN. The undertaking is financed by multiple Indian Bankss with entire loan sum of INR 3. 000 million along with investing from province authorities and Airports Authority of India. With a jutting mark of functioning 14 million riders and managing 0. 87 million tones of lading this is one of largest air power undertaking in India. The estimated capital cost of the undertaking is INR 2581 crores ( by twelvemonth 2035 ) and is supposed to bring forth grosss INR 5280 crores. TCS. india’s largest IT company is building its development Centre in mihan and is to be operational by 2014. BOEING has besides constructed its MRO in MIHAN. Lupin. a pharma company is building its new R A ; D division here. IT big leagues like wipro. infosys. mahindra satyam and hcl hv acquired lands in mihan. Economic and Social Impact: The undertaking has already spurred a existent estate roar in Nagpur with belongings monetary values increasing 25 to 40 per centum. [ 4 ] Project is expected to add 12 million people to city’s population by agencies of direct and indirect employment. [ 5 ] The undertaking aims at hiking the economic system of under developed Vidarbha part of Maharashtra and halt the encephalon drain to other parts of Maharashtra and India. [ 1 ] From environmental perspective half a million trees would be planted and there would be no fouling industries in MIHAN. The Maharashtra authorities has already taken attention of substructure handiness like roads. H2O. power etc. Besides to run into the manpower demand. Nagpur University has given countenance to 43 new Engineering colleges in and around Nagpur merely. Singapore Changi Airport has been selected as the adviser for this undertaking. International Airport: The bing airdrome of 400 hectares would be expanded to 1364 hectares. The undertaking consists of widening and widening the present track ( 3200 metres ? 45 metres ) to ( 3600 metres ? 45 metres ) to run into international criterions. Besides it will hold proviso for a similar track ( 4000 ? 60 m ) in the hereafter. The airdrome will hold parking infinite for 50 aircraft at any clip with 50 extra bays at periphery countries. [ 8 ] An airport terminus edifice in semi-circular form with conductive conditions kineticss will hold entire country of 3. 000. 000 sq foot ( 280. 000 M2 ) . Undertaking is besides constructing a separate lading composite for managing and reassigning cargo to-and-fro from airdrome. Particular Economic Zone ( SEZ ) : A new SEZ of 2086 hectares. the largest multi-product SEZ in India. would be built alongside the airdrome. Out of 2086 hectares. 1472 hectares would be used by assorted treating units to be set up and staying 614 hectares for service sector units. [ 9 ] Like all SEZs it will hold fiscal inducements and soft revenue enhancement policy to pull investing. The initial apparatus stuff for these units and ulterior natural stuff will be duty-free. [ 10 ] Major subdivisions of SEZ would be – * Information engineering park spread over 500 hectares and would include all necessary substructure for IT companies. [ 9 ] * Health metropolis spread over 40 hectares that will hold multi-specialty infirmaries along with preparation institutes for nurses and medical technicals. [ 9 ] * Manufacturing industry unit that would include industries from sectors like fabric and garment. treasures and jewellery. nutrient processing. pharmaceuticals and bio-medical. It would besides hold units for finance and insurance service companies. [ 9 ] SEZ will hold residential zone bordering it to take advantage of the assorted developments in SEZ. An international school would leave instruction to MIHAN employee kids. It would hold other recreational installations like golf class. winging nine. manifold theater composite. Controversies: Year 2008 onwards. this undertaking has been mired into legion contentions including legality of MIPL ( MIHAN India Private Limited ) itself and mode in which inordinate land acquisition was carried out without any advancement on the land. Besides Satyam dirt [ 11 ] nexus to MIHAN. a major lodging undertaking by private developer within MIHAN [ 12 ] has come under cloud. The Hitavada a outstanding regional newspaper has published legion fact-finding studies on this issue. The Butibori industrial country is the largest in all of Asia in footings of country. [ 39 ] The estate’s largest unit is of Indo Rama Synthetics. which manufactures man-made polyester narration. Other units in Butibori in clude the power transmittal company KEC. Hyundai Unitech. ACC Nihon Castings Ltd. [ 40 ] Koradi Thermal Power Station and Khaparkheda Thermal Power Station are the two major thermic power Stationss located near Nagpur and operated by MSPGCL. NTPC has a super thermic power works in Mauda around 40 kilometer from Nagpur whose first works is commissioned. The Mahanirmiti or Mahagenco ( Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Limited – MSPGCL ) is the major power bring forthing company in the province of Maharashtra. India. With a entire coevals of 10. 400 MW. it is the 2nd largest power bring forthing company in India. [ 2 ] The power generated by MSPGCL is supplied to the State of Maharashtra. It was a portion of Maharashtra State Electricity Board ( MSEB ) until 6 June 2005. Koradi Thermal Power Station ( KTPS ) is located at Koradi near Nagpur. Maharashtra. The power works is one of the four major power workss in Vidarbha – a power excess part of India. [ 3 ] The power station began operations in 1974 and is one of the nine active power Stationss operated by Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Limited ( MahaGenco ) . a subordinate of Government of Maharashtra owned Maharashtra State Electricity Board ( MSEB ) . The works operates 7 units and has a entire power coevals capacity of 1080 MW. [ 1 ] A proposed 440 kV high power transmittal line from Koradi to Bhusawal would fall in Nagpur with Mumbai. KTPS campus besides contains developing institute of MahaGenco for center and senior degree applied scientists. technicians and other staff. [ 6 ] KTPS is located on the northern side of Nagpur and is spread across an country of 30. 337 km2. Coal for KTPS comes from assorted nearby pits of Western Coal Fields. Nagpur ( WCL ) located at Silewara. P ipla. Patansaongi. Kamptee. Inder. Walni. Gondegaon and Saoner. These are at an mean distance of 10 kilometers ( 6. 2 myocardial infarction ) off. The works about requires 16. 000 to 17. 000 metric tons of coal per twenty-four hours. The H2O for KTPS comes from H2O reservoir of nearby Totaladoh hydroelectric power station. Besides. Nagpur Municipal Corporation ( NMC ) provides treated H2O from its sewage intervention works. MSEB has finalized farther enlargement by increasing the capacity of 3 units to 660 MW thereby taking the entire capacity of KTPS to 1560 MW. The work is expected to complete by 2014. [ 10 ] Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited ( BHEL ) is expected to acquire equity engagement by providing of import equipments in the 8. 000 crore ( US $ 1. 46 billion ) enlargement program. [ 11 ] In order to cut down air pollution the plant’s units are equipped with electrostatic precipitators. Kaparkheda Thermal Power Station is located in Nagpur territory in the Indian province of Maharashtra. The power works is one of the coal based power workss of MAHAGENCO. The coal for the power works is sourced from Saoner and Dumri Khurd mines of Western Coalfields Limited [ 1 ] . Beginning of H2O for the power works is from Pench reservoir through a pool of Koradi Thermal Power Station. Major Industries in Nagpur: The Hingna industrial estate on the western peripheries of the metropolis is made up of around 900 little and average industrial units. The major 1s among them are: * tractor fabrication works of Mahindra and Mahindra. * projecting units of NECO Ltd. ( the country’s largest projecting group ) .* units of International Combustion.* Bajaj Auto group.* Candico ( the second largest confectionery fabrication works in India [ 42 ] ) . * Ajanta toothbrushes.* Sanvijay Group ( largest steel turn overing group of companies for long merchandises in Central India ) . [ 43 ] * Nagpur is home to ice-cream maker Dinshaws.* Haldiram’s.* Indian Ready to Cook nutrient maker Actchawa and Ayurvedic merchandise company Vicco and Baidnath. Haldirams: is one of India’s largest Sweets and bites makers. based in Nagpur. India. It was founded in 1937 by Gangabisenji Agrawal ( aka Haldiram ) . as retail Sweets and namkeens store in Bikaner. Rajasthan. India. The recognition for that. harmonizing to history. goes to Tansukhdas. his gramps who made bhujiayas earlier. From a little corner store to a trade name worth Rs. 1500 Crores. Haldiram has hit the right chords with its clients over the past 76 old ag es. The name Haldiram was taken frontward by his youngest boy Rameshwar Lal who opened a store in Calcutta. West Bengal by the name. ‘Haldiram Bhujiawala’ . Haldiram’s merchandises in Delhi and the NCR are sold under the trade name name of â€Å"Haldiram† . which is the original Haldiram household. Merchandises in the Kolkata part are sold under the trade name name of â€Å"Haldiram’s Prabhuji† or â€Å"Haldiram Bhujiawala† while merchandises in the Nagpur part are sold under the trade name name of â€Å"Haldiram’s Nagpur† . Haldiram despite gaining controls by Nathu’s. Aggarwal’s and Bikanerwala still retains a market portion of 25 % with a entire turnover of Rs. 400 Crores. Recognition goes to it’s USP of functioning reliable Indian bites prepared with odd hygeine and standardised quality. Haldiram has non been free from controverises as in 2010. Prabhu Shankar Aggarwal. eldest boy of Rameshwarlal. proprietor of the Kolkata unit was booked for slaying of a tea-stall proprietor who was coming in the manner of a expansive eating house apparatus and was given life-imprisonment. Haldiram’s is besides a member of APEDA ( Agriculture and Processed nutrient Merchandises Exports Development Association ) . Haldiram’s merchandises are exported to several states worldwide including US. UK. Nepal. Pakistan. Bangladesh. Canada. Australia. Sri Lanka. Singapore. Malaysia. South Africa. Indonesia. Qatar. Saudi Arabia. Hong Kong. Japan. Kenya. Libya. South Korea. Nigeria. Mauritius. United Arab Emirates. Zambia and Bahrain. Best merchandise – Raj kachori. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. business-standard. com/article/beyond-business/newsmaker-prabhu-shankar-agarwal-110020500012_1. hypertext markup language Dinshaws: Vicco: Founded in 1952 by late Shri K. V. Pendharkar. the VICCO Group has emerged today as shapers of the best internationally known merchandises of the Ayurveda. the ancient Indian system of natural medical specialties. Having production units at Dombivli. Nagpur and Goa in India. Their best known merchandises are Vicco Turmeric tegument / Sun screen pick. Vicco Vajradanti pulverization and paste and Vicco SF ( Sugar loose ) paste. About 15 % of company’s entire production goes to abroad market. Under the able counsel of Shri. G. K. Pendharkar. Chairman. the company has established strong bridgehead in about every developed state in Asia. Europe. America. Africa and Australia. Baidyanath: is one of the oldest and most popular pharmaceutical house specializing in Ayurvedic medical specialties. It has been fabricating many extremely popular points like Chyawanprash and Dashmularishta for several old ages. Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhawan ( P ) Limited was founded in 1917 by Late Pt. Ram Dayal Joshi. Its registered office is in Kolkata. To promote and hike research in Ayurveda. Baidyanath established Pt. Ram Dayal Joshi Memorial Ayurvedic Research Institute at Patna in 1971. Baidyanath Group awards two hundred 1000s rupees every twelvemonth for the best research paper or book on Ayurveda. Education: Nagpur is a major instruction Centre in Central India. College of Agriculture. Nagpur is the oldest college in the state founded in 1906 by the so British Government. The college is held at the historic and heritage Victoria Building ( built in 1856 for stay of Queen of England Her Highness Victoria at Nagpur ) at Maharajbagh. Nagpur. [ 45 ] Founded in 1923. Nagpur University [ 46 ] is one of the oldest in the state. The Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology. one of the premiere colleges of scientific discipline and engineering in the state is located in Nagpur. Institute of Management Technology. Nagpur. one of the reputed B-schools of India is located on a straggling campus on manner to Katol. Culture and topographic points of involvement: The metropolis contains people from other Indian provinces every bit good as people belonging to the world’s major religions. and yet is known for remaining composure during communal struggles in India. The Hitavada is one of the oldest and largest circulated English day-to-day newspapers published in cardinal India. The Nagpur Central Museum ( estb. 1863 ) maintains aggregations are chiefly for Vidarbha part. Another day-to-day Tarun Bharat is a Marathi linguistic communication daily published in Nagpur since 1948 AD by NarKesari publication. Ramdaspeth. Lokmat. the largest circulated Marathi daily of the World published from and headquartered at Lokmat Bhawan. Ramdaspeth. Nagpur. was started by Late Sri Jawaharlal Darda and publishes in 3 languages- Lokmat Times-English day-to-day. Lokmat Samachar-Hindi day-to-day and Lokmat-Marathi day-to-day. The Times of India. The Economic Times. Dainik Bhaskar. Maharashtra Times. Navabharat. Sakal. Loksatta and Deshonatti are the other dailies published from Nagpur. There are 5 FM Stationss runing from Nagpur: Radio Mirchi. My FM. Radio City. Red FM. All India Radio Mosque: Three brothers Ghulam Ali ( Kotwal ) . Mohammad Saaduddin ( Subedar ) and Mohammad Saladuddin ( Minister and Kotwal ) founded ‘Jhajjar Bagh’ at Hansapuri ( Now Mominpura ) . In this location. they built their abode ‘Aina-e Mahal’ . a well and a Masjid ( now Masjid Ahle Hadith ) . ‘Jhajjar Bagh’ besides known as ‘Subedar Ka Bada’ was located where nowadays Mohammad Ali Road at Mominpura. Jamia Masjid. Mohammad Ali Sarai and Furqania Madrasa are located. [ 57 ] The Raman Science Centre promotes scientific cognition and has a 133 place planetarium. [ 58 ] The present twenty-four hours Maharajbagh menagerie was originally a garden developed by the Bhonsle swayers. [ 59 ] The province authorities has approved a new campaign park of international criterions besides Gorewada Lake. Deekshabhoomi: is a sacred memorial of Buddhism at the topographic point where Babasaheb Ambedkar converted to Buddhism along with his about 3. 80. 000 followings on October 14. 1956. Deekshabhoomi is celebrated for its architectural beauty and historical importance. It is the largest hollow tope among all Buddhist tope in the universe. The tope of the sacred Deekshabhoomi was designed by celebrated designer Sheo Dan Mal. Construction of the tope started in July 1978. but it took a long clip to complete. Sagar Enterprise of Mumbai. ( Mr. H. C. Vakharia and Mr. Sandip Vakharia. ) has completed structural work. The tope was opened for the people on December 18. 2001 after a formal startup by the so President of India K. R. Narayanan. Design of the tope at Deekshabhoomi is based upon the architecture of the universe celebrated tope of Sanchi. But unlike the tope of Sanchi. Deekshabhoomi tope is wholly hollow from interior. At the land floor. there is a 211 ten 211 pess big square hall. At the Centre of this hall. an graven image of Buddha is placed. This graven image was donated to Deekshabhoomi by Thai pupils larning in the university of Nagpur. Besides the Vihara. there is the Bodhi Tree. which is a sacred fig tree. This Bodhi Tree was planted at Deekshabhoomi from three subdivisions of the Bodhi Tree at Anuradhapuram in Sri Lanka. Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan had brought these subdivisions from Sri Lanka as the memoir of Buddha’s enlightenment. It is besides one of the chief centres of touristry in India particularly from Buddist states like Japan. Thailand. Babasaheb selected Nagpur for his transition ceremonial. as he explained in his address at that juncture. because Nagpur was the fatherland of Nag people who embraced Buddhism and supported it with great attempts in its early period. The most celebrated Temple in Nagpur is Tekdi Ganesh Mandir. and is said to be one of the Swayambhu ( means Self-Manifested ) temple in metropolis. Sri Poddareshwar Ram Mandir and Shri Mahalaxmi Devi temple of Koradi are of import Hindu temples. [ 61 ] Religious events are observed in the metropolis throughout the twelvemonth. Ram Navami is celebrated in Nagpur with shobha yatra with a emanation of floats picturing events from the Ramayana. [ 62 ] Emanations are besides held on of import festivals of other faiths such as Dharma chakra privartan blare. Vijayadashami. Eid E Milad. Guru Nanak Jayanti. Mahavir Jayanti. Durga puja. Ganesh Chaturthi and Moharram. Celebrations enduring for several yearss are held on Ganesh Chaturthi and Durga Puja festivals in virtually every little vicinity in the metropolis. The metropolis besides contains a ample Muslim population. and celebrated topographic points of worship for Muslims include the Jama Masjid-Mominpura and Bohri Jamatkhana-Itwari. The most celebrated Dargah of Hazrat Tajoddin Baba at Taj Baug. The St. Francis De Gross saless Cathedral is located in Sadar every bit good as the All Saints Cathedral church. Zero Mile Stone: is a memorial turn uping the geographical centre of India in the south E of Vidhan Bhavan. Nagpur. Maharashtra. The Zero Mile Stone was erected by the British who used this point to mensurate all the distances. The English swayers considered Nagpur as the Centre of India and therefore identified this point and constructed the Zero Mile Stone. Bing at the centre of the state. they besides had a program to do Nagpur the 2nd capital metropolis. [ 2 ] The Zero Mile Stone consists of four Equus caballuss and a pillar made up of sandstone. In 2008. The Times of India undertook to keep the memorial for the following 5 old ages. Hyderabad-493 ; Pune -734 ; Mumbai-798 ; Ahmedabad-851 ; Delhi-1029 ; Bangalore-1062 ; Chennai-1117 ; Kolkata-1118kms The Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground ( VCA ) in Nagpur is one of the nine trial locales in the state. A new bowl of VCA has been built on Wardha route with a siting capacity of 45. 000 people at cost of 75 crore ( US $ 13. 65 million ) by designer Shashi Prabhu and was one of the locales for the 2011 Cricket World Cup. Nagpur have one more cricket bowl named as VCA. Civil Lines which besides hosted international lucifers. Thus Nagpur is one of the few metropoliss. holding more than one international cricket bowl in India. Entertainment and leisure: Nagpur self-praises huge woods and tiger sanctuaries within a radius of few 100 kilometres. Some celebrated national Parkss environing Nagpur are: * Tadoba* Pench* Nagzira* Melghat* Kanha Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve is a Tiger militias in Chandrapur territory of Maharashtra province in cardinal India. It is noteworthy as Maharashtra’s oldest and largest National Park. It is one of India’s 41 â€Å"Project Tiger† – Tiger militias. Legend holds that Taru was a small town head who was killed in a fabulous brush with a tiger A ; so the name. Aside from around 65 of the anchor species Bengal tiger. Tadoba Tiger Reserve is home to other mammals. including: Indian leopards. sloth bears. gaur. nylghai. Cuon alpinus. striped hyaena. little Indian Civet. jungle cats. sambur. spotted cervid. barking cervid. chital. and chausingha. Tadoba lake sustains the Marsh Crocodile. which were one time common all over Maharashtra. Reptiles here include the endangered Indian python and the common Indian proctor. Terrapins. Indian star tortoise. Indian Cobra and Russel’s viper besides live in Tadoba. The lake is an ornithologist’s Eden with a broad diverseness of H2O birds. and bird of preies. 195 species of birds have been recorded. including three endangered species. The Grey fish bird of Jove. the Crested Serpent Eagle. and the Mutable Hawk-Eagle are some of the bird of preies. Other interesting species include the Orange-headed Thrush. Indian Pitta. Crested Treeswift. Stone Curlew. Crested Honey Buzzard. Paradise Flycatcher. Bronze-winged Jacana and Lesser Goldenbacked Woodpecker. Warblers and the black-naped blue flycatcher exist here and the call of the Inachis io may frequently be heard. 74 species of butterflies have been recorded including the Viola tricolor hortensiss. sovereign. Church of jesus christ of latter-day saintss and helleris. Insect species include the endangered danaid egg-fly and great eggfly. Dragonflies. stick insects. gem beetles and the praying mantid are other insects located in the modesty. The signature spider. elephantine wood spider and ruddy wood spiders are frequently seen during the monsoon and shortly after. Some runing spiders like the wolf spiders. crab spiders and lynx spiders are besides common. Pench National Park: is situated to the South of Satpura Hills. It is named so after the name of the river Pench which flows through this country. This is the 19th undertaking tiger modesty in India and was declared so in 1992. It has tropical moist deciduous wood. The Pench National Park is located in Southern Madhya Pradesh in India. about 70 kilometers from the metropolis of Nagpur. Spread over an country of 275 km? 90 % of country is in the neighbouring province of Madhya Pradesh rest 10 % in Maharashtra. The common animate beings which can be seen are the gaur. sambur ( cervid ) s. bluish bulls. macaque. langur. wild Sus scrofa. bears and ( Indian ) wild Canis familiariss and the Park is good known for its axis cervids and leopards. A few Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams and civets can besides be spotted sometimes. As per 2011 Tiger Census ; There are 25 Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams under this umbrella of the Park. 39 species of mammals. 13 species of reptilians. 3 species of amphibious vehicles. Nagzira wildlife sanctuary is located in the Gondia territory of Maharashtra. 120 kilometer. off from Nagpur. The spineless zoology includes. besides a figure of insects and ant species. Wild animate beings found here are the tiger. bison. sambur. nylghai. chital. wild Sus scrofa. sloth bear and wild Canis familiaris. About 30. 000 tourers visits this sanctuary yearly. Wild animate beings to descry are the tiger. jaguar. bison. sambur. nylghai. chital. wild Sus scrofa. sloth bear and wild Canis familiaris. Melghat was declared a Tiger Reserve and was among the first nine Tiger Reserves notified in 1973-74 under the Project Tiger. It is located in northern portion of Amravati District of Maharashtra. It is 225 km West of NagpurThe chief zoology found here are tiger. leopard. sloth bear. wild Canis familiaris. Canis aureus. sambur. gaur. barking cervid. nylghai. chital. chausingha. honey badger. winging squirrel. wild Sus scrofa. langur. Rhesus monkey. hedgehog. scaly anteater. mouse cervid. python. otter and blacknaped hare. Kanha National Park Nagpur ( 260 kilometer ) is a national park and a Tiger Reserve in the Mandla and Balaghat territories of Madhya Pradesh. India. In the 1930s. Kanha country was divided into two sanctuaries. Hallon and Banjar. of 250 and 300 km? . Kanha National Park was created on 1 June 1955. Today it stretches over an country of 940 km? in the two territories Mandla and Balaghat. It is the largest National Park in Central India. The park has a important population of Royal Bengal Tiger. leopards. the sloth bear. Barasingha and Indian wild Canis familiaris. The exuberant sal and bamboo woods. grassy hayfields and ravines of Kanha provided inspiration to Rudyard Kipling for his celebrated fresh â€Å"Jungle Book â€Å" . Tiger touristry is witnessing a good growing in the metropolis. Nagpur is pulling batch of foreign tourers as it holds the advantage of holding an international airdrome. Cuisine: The Vidharbha part has its ain typical culinary art known as the Varhadi culinary art or Saoji culinary art. Saoji or Savji culinary art was popularised by the Savji community. This traditional nutrient is celebrated for its spicy gustatory sensation. The particular spices used in the gravy include black Piper nigrum. dry Chinese parsley. bay leaves. gray cardamon. cinnamon. cloves. and ample usage of poppy seeds ( khus-khus ) . Railing: A sum of 160 trains halt at Nagpur. These include rider. express. mail. Duronto. rajdhani. garib rath trains. Of these 65 are day-to-day trains and 26 terminate/originate from Nagpur. Almost 1. 5 lakh riders board/leave Nagpur Railway Station daily. The metropolis is the Divisional Head Quarters for the Central Railway and South East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways. Nagpur Metro Rail: The Nagpur Metro Rail undertaking is announced by the province authorities of Maharashtra for the metropolis with the disbursals of 4. 400 Cr and 3. 800 Cr Rupees for its two stages of 25 kilometers ( from Sitabuldi to MIHAN and Butibori via Airport ) and 20 kilometer ( Sitabuldi to Automotive Square in Kamptee ) severally. Advisers Delhi Metro Railway Corporation ( DMRC ) will analyze the alliance and subject a elaborate undertaking study. The site review has already begun in March 2012 with the enterprises from NIT. The Rs 10. 000-crore undertaking will be executed by a new company called Nagpur Metro Transport Co Ltd ( NMTCL ) formed under the NIT. NMC. Maharashtra Airport Development Corporation ( MADC ) — that is presently developing the MIHAN undertaking – MIDC and CIDCO are the other take parting administrations. MIHAN vice-chairman UPS Madan will be the president of the new company and NIT president Parvin Darade will be its executive manager. Road: Nagpur is a major junction for roadways as India’s two major national main roads. Kanyakumari-Varanasi ( NH 7 ) and Hajira-Kolkata ( NH-6 ) . go throughing through the metropolis. [ 74 ] One more main road figure 69 connect Nagpur to Obaidullaganj near Bhopal. Nagpur is at the junction of two Asiatic Highways viz. AH43 Agra to Matara. Sri Lanka and AH46 linking Kharagpur. India to Dhule. India. The new province main road. Nagpur–Aurangabad–Mumbai express main road. built on the national main road footing is besides sanctioned by the province and cardinal authorities. This main road connects the province capital Mumbai to Nagpur via Aurangabad and significantly reduces the distance travelled by NH 6 and NH 3 between two metropoliss. State and Cardinal authorities ( NHAI ) besides approved the extension of NH 204 from Kolhapur to Nagpur via Solapur. Tuljapur. Latur. Nanded. Yavatmal. Wardha and Butibori. which chiefly covers all the part covered by the current Major State Highway. MSH 3 between Butibori and Tuljapur. Bus: Maharashtra State route conveyance Corporation ( MSRTC ) runs cheaper conveyance service for intercity. interstate. interstate travel. It has two coach Stationss in Nagpur: Nagpur Bus Sthanak ( CBS-1 ) at Ganeshpeth and MorBhawan ( CBS-2 ) at Jhansi Rani Square. Sitabuldi. Air conveyance: Nagpur’s Air Traffic Control ( ATC ) is the busiest in India. [ 74 ] with more than 300 flights winging over the metropolis every twenty-four hours in 2004. [ 76 ] In October 2005. Nagpur’s Sonegaon Airport was declared an international airdrome and was renamed Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport. [ 77 ] Nagpur is good connected by day-to-day direct flights to Mumbai. Delhi. Kolkata. Bangalore. Hyderabad. Chennai. Pune. Indore. Ahmedabad. Goa. Jaipur. Kochi. Nanded. Aurangabad. Raipur operated by Air India. Jet Airways. JetLite. IndiGo. GoAir. SpiceJet. Air Arabia operates a 4 times a hebdomad to and fro flight between Nagpur and Sharjah. Indian Air Force has its base at Sonegaon near Nagpur International Airport. It houses Mi8 Helicopters and the IAF bearers IL-76.

Gender Roles in Mexico free essay sample

This essay explores a number of issues relating to Gender Roles in Mexico. I have tried throughout to maintain an academic tone and reference accordingly, but in reality this is a reflective piece on a subject about which I feel strongly, and I’m sure it will read as such. In terms of research, I have used a combination of academic texts, a group interview and my own experience. The interview was conducted in a conversational manner with three Mexican women. They are all university students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two, from reasonably well off families, and as such I cannot claim that they are in any way representative of the Mexican population as a whole. One of the points raised during the interview was the idea that, while Mexico still has a long way to go in terms of gender parity, things are in a constant state of change. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Roles in Mexico or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For this reason I decided to investigate some of the historical developments that have created the situation we see today. Gender roles, and more generally the family unit, are deeply ingrained within Mexican society, and whole volumes could be written about their origins and development. The analysis here, however, will be restricted to two policy changes during the 20th century which have been identified by feminist scholars as particularly important in shaping the norms that define the modern Mexican family. Vaughan (2000) notes that during the first half of the twentieth century Mexico was relatively progressive in throwing off nineteenth century patriarchy. She cites a worldwide trend away from a completely male centric model towards a more modern archetype, in order to cope with seismic changes in the global economic system. Jargon aside, it was recognized that basic levels of education and agency for women were now an economic necessity rather than a high minded ideal. Mexico’s relative progress in this area, according to Vaughan, was due to a need to control and placate a rebellious peasantry. It’s important to note here that this was a change purely in policy, and not representative of popular opinion at the time, but it did provide the beginnings of a legal framework in which a degree of female emancipation was possible. We can perhaps see these themes continuing in modern Mexico, which to an outside observer could seem very progressive: many women in higher education, a female presidential candidate, but that does not necessarily have the underlying cultural values to match. A second policy event occurred n the late 1950s, when a series of judges ruled in favour of women complaining against the treatment they had received from their in-laws (Varley 2000). Prior to this point, a married woman in Mexico became part of their new husband’s family; it was common for married couples to live with the husband’s parents, and in many cases women were treated as little more than servants. This ruling at first glance appears to give women greater agency, and to a certain extent that is true, but as Varley points out, it has also helped to define and strengthen the nuclear family that is so central in Mexican society today. This family structure in turn solidifies gender roles and has made further emancipation more difficult. Academic works such as the two cited above can often lose connection with the real world as their authors theorise and pontificate It should also be noted that neither are written by Mexican scholars and that feminist theory is one of the academic areas that has suffered the most from outside academics misinterpreting what they see in other countries . As such, their conclusions should be taken with a certain pinch of salt. However, I do think that the trends that these events helped to initiate can be seen in society today: an outward progressivity underpinned by some very conservative ideals and an overwhelming emphasis on the nuclear family unit. With the historical background addressed, albeit briefly, how then can we characterize the modern Mexican family unit, and the predefined roles within it? For me, one of the most interesting aspects of gender roles within Mexico is those pertaining to work. An article on the World Bank’s website highlights the growing number of working women in Latin America, in all levels of employment (World Bank 2011). This is corroborated by my interviewees, who feel that families in which both parents work are increasingly common in Mexico, indeed all three have working mothers. As discussed above, however, this does not necessarily signify a fundamental change in the way gender roles are viewed in a society. The women I interview are adamant that the mother in a family is still the one that ‘looks after the kids’. The World Bank raises this point too, pointing to the challenges faced by working mothers at all levels of society. The interviewees concur with my own observations of Mexican family life when they suggest that this distinction is one brought on from a very young age. Certainly by her late teens, a Mexican girl is subject to completely different pressures and expectations from her parents than a Mexican boy. The women tell me that the main expectation for a son is to find work and to support himself, and that, while families also hope for jobs for their daughters, this falls some way behind marriage and a family in terms of priorities. Relationships are hard enough to define within individual families, let alone on a general level. For example, one of the women says that she feels closer emotionally to her father than her mother, and yet still says that her mother has been the one charged with childcare and education. The general sense, however, seems to be of mothers teaching their daughters to do as they’ve done: that their chief responsibility in life is as a mother. The response to this problem in the World Bank’s article leaves me deeply uncomfortable. The article calls for flexibility in working hours and increased childcare provisions to help working mothers. This is obviously a great idea as a short term solution, but I cannot help but think that it only serves to further legitimise the already concrete family model that is the underlying source of the problem. Policies such as these accentuate existing divisions, separating men and women into two distinct individuals within the work place. One that does the ‘proper work’ and another that requires flexible hours and special treatment to be able to perform paid work alongside her true, god given task of raising children. Surely a far superior approach would be to encourage paternity leave, and flexible working hours for both genders. I stress again that in the short term, such policies are clearly better than nothing, but it concerns me that an organisation such as the World Bank makes no mention of any sort of long term strategy to address underlying norms. Apart from anything else, these tactics seem reminiscent of the policies from the fifties mentioned above, addressing symptoms rather than core problems, and ultimately serving to strengthen the values that are causing the problems in the first place. Momsen (2004) argues that additional pressures for women at work are felt particularly acutely in rural households. Many such households continue to subsist at least partially on home grown crops and animals, and this, more often than not, is considered to be part of the domestic sphere, leading to the following assumptions: firstly, it is women’s work and secondly, it does not count as ‘real’ work and therefore is expected to be done alongside formal employment. This leads to working women shouldering enormous workloads as they work full time weeks before coming home to more work in the form of childcare and household agriculture. A point that comes up during our group interview is the idea of jealousy over wages. The machismo inherent within Mexican culture means that for a man to earn less than his wife is a source of considerable shame. While at first glance this may not seem a particularly important problem, it can lead to considerable tension within the household and could arguably be a source of the domestic violence that my interviewees claim is rife within Mexican families. Momsen (2004) goes as far as to suggest that it is this jealously that provides the underlying motivation for the pandemic of femicide killings that has been occurring for years in Mexico, particularly in and around the northern city of Juarez. When this suggestion is put to my interviewees they reject it, but fail to provide an alternate solution. For my part I think it would be naive to suggest wage jealousy as the only cause, or even the main cause of the femicides, but it is not hard to imagine, in an area dominated by factories with a largely female workforce, how a culture of resentment could arise which could later lead on to the tragedy occurring today. As previously mentioned, the women I interview are all between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two, and one of the things they are keen to emphasise is the lack of freedom they are given compared to their brothers and male peers. It appears that in terms of freedoms (going out, relationships, sex) men and boys have the vast advantage in the Mexican family. Fathers, I’m told, tend to be particularly jealous and protective of their daughters. It is also very uncommon to see women of any age walking the streets at night. I ask how much of this is cultural, and how much is practical safety concerns. It seems to me fairly obvious that a large part of the father-jealousy-protectiveness-norm is simply a symptom of a macho, patriarchal culture, and the women agree, but at the same time, they do admit to feeling unsafe on the streets. This, of course, is a common theme in even the most progressively feminist countries, but it is interesting that the conversation then moves on to the practice of men shouting things at women in the street. I’m talking of course of the ‘compliments’ (for want of a better word) and ‘chat up lines’ that are endemic around the city, and Mexico as a whole. It brings back a memory from my own experience that I find particularly telling. During my first week in Mexico, Tec organised a tour of the city run by a local tour guide. During the tour one of the students asked the guide about this practice, explaining that she’d already been subject to quite a bit of shouting despite having only been there for a week. The guide, a middle aged man, smiled ruefully and told her she should take it as a compliment, that it was simply what Mexican boys and men did. This to me seems representative of the attitude taken by much of the male population to what is basically just verbal harassment: it is just a bit of fun, what is the problem? What conclusions can be drawn from all of this? In terms of equality within gender roles, Mexico is clearly improving. More and more women have access to education and are entering the work force. It also seems from my conversation with the three women that awareness and dialogue relating to feminist issues and gender roles is increasing. However, I cannot shake the feeling that despite all the good work being done, underlying inequalities are not being addressed. From the short sightedness of the World Bank to the attitude of the Guadalajara guide, it appears to me that despite all the change on the surface, something fundamental is not changing, or at least, not changing fast enough.

The Airline Industry essay

The Airline Industry essay The Airline Industry essay The Airline Industry essayMarketing focuses on matching customers with the products or services that satisfy some of their needs. Essential elements of marketing include analysis of the target market, market segmentation, targeting the chosen customer segments, positioning of products and services, etc. The purpose of this paper is to consider marketing in the context of airline industry: to discuss key external factors influencing airline industry, to identify market segments in airline industry and explain these segments using the marketing concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning, and comparing the positioning and target markets of two airline companies: JetBlue and Southwest Airlines.Key external factors affecting airline industryAirline industry consists of several segments: passenger airline industry, military, cargo carriers, etc (Structure of the airline industry, n.d.). In the context of this paper passenger airline industry will be considered. The groups of exter nal factors affecting airline industry can be classified according to PEST framework: economic factors, political factors, social and technological factors (Doole Lowe, 2005).The key economic factors influencing airline industry are changing fuel prices and stage of economic development (recession or revival) which affects the purchasing ability of customers. Political factors include international airline fees and regulations, airline alliances, the regulations for security measures. Key social factors include the growth of demand for business class trips and the increase in leisure travel (Cento, 2008). Greater requirements towards passenger comfort can also be viewed as an external factor influencing airline development. Technological factors include the development of telecommunications, new construction materials and advanced airline designs (Rothman Jasper, 2011).Major airline market segments SegmentationAccording to Doole and Lowe (2005), segmentation is defined as the anal ysis of target customers and identification of customer groups which have similar needs. There exist various segmentation bases in marketing. In the context of airline industry, market segmentation is commonly performed according to the schedule (regular flights, charter flights), geography and purpose of flights (international, federal/national and local flights) and the combination of service and price (economy class, business class, first class). Customer segmentation is performed according to demographic characteristics (age, family status, gender), occupation, purpose of flight. TargetingIn the context of marketing, targeting is defined as developing the criteria for assessing the attractiveness of market segments and focusing on particular market segments. There exist different approaches to targeting: companies can focus on specific market segments or offer products for all segments; furthermore, companies can deliver segment-specific products/services or offer the same produ cts/services to different market segments. In airline industry, the most frequently used approach is to target different market segments by offering differentiated services (Cento, 2008). PositioningPositioning denotes the choice of marketing mix for every market segment selected during the targeting stage. The choice of positioning depends on customer preferences. In airline industry the preferences of customers depend on various factors such as pricing, schedules, flight frequency, destinations, procedure of reservation, ticketing, staff attitude and quality of service, safety measures, various options offered on board, check-in process, brand image, etc. Wen and Yet (2010) classify these factors into such categories as brand image, safety, on-board amenities, price and flights, and ground services. These categories are used for market positioning in airline industry and are matched with customer preferences. For example, for young customers airline companies offer economic flight s with transfers, and for business travelers maximum speed and comfort of flight is offered at a premium price.Comparison of JetBlue and Southwest Airlines Target marketThe focus of Southwest Airlines is on domestic market of the United States, while JetBlue targets international market. At the same time, Southwest Airlines covers the majority of states and offers a convenient flight schedule of local flights. JetBlue focuses both on local flights (covering about half of all states) and international flights (more than 10 international destinations) (Cento, 2008). Southwest Airlines tends to expand its local network by acquisitions, while JetBlue actively participates in international flight alliances.In terms of financial position, Southwest Airlines is stronger compared to JetBlue as its liquidity is higher, and its turnover ratios are superior as well. JetBlue has higher debts while Southwest Airlines has larger revenues. At the same time, profit margins of JetBlue are higher.In terms of pricing, JetBlue on average charges higher prices, but this difference is explained by the differences in target geographic locations of these companies. Therefore, target customers of JetBlue are primarily entertainment-loving young and middle-age people willing to travel locally and abroad at a reasonable cost. JetBlue also specifically targets families: the company offers various family-friendly services.Southwest Airlines targets the customers willing to travel across the United States at the lowest cost. The strategy of Southwest Airlines is centered around on eliminating all extra services and options in order to reduce costs. At the same time, Southwest Airlines pays a lot of attention to cabin staff and to the quality of customer service. Brand image of Southwest Airlines is not so vibrant as that of JetBlue, yet it is frequently chosen by middle-aged customers and older who want to save money; young people who tend to choose economic flights are also target custome rs of Southwest Airlines. PositioningBoth JetBlue and Southwest Airlines position themselves as lowcosters. JetBlue company offers high-quality service combined with low fares. The company has new aircraft and offers various entertainment services on board such as Live TV (Cento, 2008). The company has a corporate culture focused around customer interests and safety. JetBlue emphasizes the importance of flight experiences and offers personalized entertainment services. Furthermore, JetBlue offers a variety of extra services such as food, diapers and strollers, and allows to check-in various special items.Southwest Airlines exists for almost 30 years longer than JetBlue as it was founded in 1971. This company also pays a lot of attention to delivering superior customer service and customer experience. Core advantages of Southwest Airlines are local flights available at low prices and convenient schedules. Southwest Airlines is known as the cheapest provider of local flights, and such cost leadership is the key competitive advantage of the company.ConclusionThe analysis of airline industry shows that key external factors influencing it are fuel costs, international regulations, safety concerns, technological changes and customer preferences. There are different approaches to market segmentation in airline industry; the most frequently used segmentations are demographic, geography-related, purpose-related and price/quality-related. Airline companies tend to offer differentiated services customized for different market segments.JetBlue and Southwest Airlines both belong to the category of low-costers, but these companies are quite different from the marketing perspective. JetBlue targets both international and local customer segment, while Southwest Airlines focuses on local flights. Southwest Airlines offers services for price-sensitive customers and positions itself as a convenient provider of local flights at the cheapest cost. JetBlue targets families and youn g people and positions itself as the provider of modern flight services with many entertainment features and superior customer experience at a reasonable cost.

Business to Business Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business to Business Marketing - Term Paper Example The paper tells that the Business to Business marketing is rigidly structured in nature, i.e. it is less flexible in comparison to the Business to Consumer market. As the consumers, in this context, are business people having higher bargaining power, the company who is involved in this section needs to put more effort to attract the customers. To attract the customers, personal selling is more preferable rather than advertisement in this type of marketing, as the organizations rarely pay attention to the advertisement. The customers in this context are mostly organizations themselves and tend to know the very marketing trick which stands as one of the reasons to avoid advertisement. Here, the intermediates have no role to play as it mostly involve with direct selling or direct channels to its customers. It is worth mentioning here that relationship made with the customers is usually long lasting and very complex in nature which plays a significant role in the Business to Business mar keting. Competition level experienced is high in this process due to which the organizations dealing with Business to Business operations attempt in establishing effective and interdependent relationship with its customers so as to secure its position in the market. Goods which are produced for Business to Business marketing are very different from those goods which are produced for general consumers in the market. This is because the need of the goods and the customers themselves are very different in both the cases, but the intention remains same i.e. selling the products and attaining significant customer satisfaction. Various ways are being followed for the purpose of classifying these types of goods (Brennan & et. al., 2010). They are as follows: Entering Goods In this context, finished goods of one organization tend to become raw material of other organization. For instance, aluminum can be used by the company, which is producing electronic products, as raw materials (Brennan & et. al., 2010). Here, finish goods of one company is the raw material of the other which are necessary as the resources used by the later organization to manufacture its product. Foundation Goods Foundation goods are those goods which are used by other organizations (customers) as a support for making their own goods. This includes goods which are installed or used as accessories by the other organization, such as car producing company uses tyre manufactured by other companies (Brennan & et. al., 2010). Here, tyre has not been used as the raw materials but the part of the finished goods as a much necessary substance. Facilitating Goods Goods which are purchased by the company with an intention to achieve its goals and objectives are known as facilitating goods. These goods are not used in manufacturing purpose by the purchasing company. For instance, BPO